Entrepreneurs and Freiberufler (liberal professionals) can obtain a German residence permit under § 21 AufenthG — subject to an economic interest assessment.
Germany distinguishes between Gewerbetreibende (commercial traders) and Freiberufler (liberal professionals such as artists, journalists, architects, and IT consultants). Both can apply for a self-employment residence permit under § 21 AufenthG, but the assessment criteria differ significantly.
Self-Employment Permit (§ 21 AufenthG)
For commercial ventures, the permit requires a viable business plan, proof of a regional economic interest, secured financing (equity or a recognised bank commitment), and relevant professional qualifications. The Ausländerbehörde consults the relevant chamber of commerce (IHK/HWK) or a state economic authority for the economic interest assessment.
What is a Freiberufler and does it require a special permit?
Freiberufler (liberal professions) include journalists, architects, IT consultants, artists, and similar. They are exempt from the Gewerbeordnung and apply under § 21 AufenthG with a simplified economic interest test, typically without the IHK consultation required for commercial traders.