Germany's family reunification framework allows spouses, minor children, and in limited cases parents to join a qualifying reference person (Stammberechtigter) already holding a valid German residence permit. Requirements vary significantly depending on the type of permit held by the reference person and the nationalities of the applicants.
Spousal Reunification (§ 30 AufenthG)
Both spouses must be at least 18 years old. The applicant must generally demonstrate basic German language skills at A1 level (simple sentences, introduce oneself) before arrival — with exemptions for nationals of countries with high educational standards, EU Blue Card holders' spouses, and certain hardship cases. The reference person must demonstrate adequate housing and sufficient income to support the family without recourse to public funds.
Children and Parent Reunification (§§ 32–36 AufenthG)
Minor children under 16 may join either parent. Children aged 16–17 require German language proficiency (A2–B1). Parents may join their adult children holding German citizenship or a permanent settlement permit under §§ 36–36a AufenthG, subject to financial dependence criteria.
Expert Answers
Senior-ReviewedFrequently Asked Questions
- Is a German language certificate always required for spouse visa?
- Not always. EU Blue Card holders' spouses are exempt. Nationals of certain countries (e.g. USA, Canada, Australia, Japan) with a high standard of education may also be exempt. The general rule under § 30 Abs. 1 Nr. 2 AufenthG requires A1 German.
- Does a spouse have the right to work?
- Spouses of German citizens and permanent residents receive unrestricted access to the labour market. Spouses joining holders of limited permits may be restricted initially — this must be checked case by case with the Ausländerbehörde.
Official Sources